Science branches 

    Here, I will discuss the branches of science. There are different ways to classify science. Generally, the main three branches of science are mostly known are physics, chemistry, and biology. But science is classified into many branches which include physics, chemistry, biology, economics, mathematics, logic, computer science, and so many other fields.  

    Branches of science are also referred to in the term of Sciences, Division of Science, Field of Science, and Discipline of Science. Detailed classification of different branches of science follows under.

    Generally, science is divided into the main three branches. 

 

(1) Natural science:

    Natural science includes the study of nature in the broadest sense. Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. 

Natura science is further subdivided into Physical science and Life science or Biological science.  

(A) Physical science: 

    It is a branch of natural science that deals with the study of the non-living organism and inanimate natural objects including, Physics, Chemistry, Earth science, Astronomy, and other related fields. Physical science includes the various branches likewise Physics, Chemistry, Earth science, Astronomy. 

(a) Physics: 

    It is the branch of physical science that is concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.    

     It is an explanation of the natural object or matter in different aspects like its energy-matter, working mechanism, interaction with other phenomena, force, motion, velocity, conductivity, electricity, attraction with other matter, etc. 

(b) Chemistry: 

    It is the branch of physical science that deals with the study of matter that having a mass and taking space in respect to the physical and chemical properties of matter, changes in the matter when subjected to different environments and conditions, change in color, its reaction with another substance or atoms, freezing and boiling of matter, etc. 

(c) Earth science: 

    Earth sciences is the field of study concerned with the solid Earth, its waters, and the air that envelops it. Included are the geologic, hydrologic, and atmospheric sciences. The broad aim of the Earth sciences is to understand the present features and past evolution  of Earth and to use this knowledge, where appropriate, for the benefit of humankind

(d) Astronomy: 

    It is the branch of physical science that deals with the study of anything outside of space. It deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. Which include the rotation and revolution of stars and planets, discovering the new stars and planets, utilization of space energy, etc. 

(B) Biological science: 

    It is the branch of natural science that deals with the study of living organisms like plants, animals, and including human beings its physical structure, habits, and habitat, interaction with other living organisms and the environment. 

It is further subdivided into Biology and Ecology.

(a) Biology:

    It is the branch of biological science concern with the study of living organisms like plants, animals, and human being their morphology, physiology, growth, and development, evolution, anatomy, behavior, distribution, etc.   

(b) Ecology:

    It is the branch of biological science that deals with the study of the interaction among living organisms like plants, animals, and human beings and with their environment which includes both biotic and abiotic components. 

(2) Social science:

        Branch of the science concerned with the study of human societies and relationships among the individual within these societies. Social science is, in its broadest sense, the study of society and how people behave and influence the world around us. In simple words, social science is the study of people and societies.

    Social science includes Psychology, Sociology, Economics, political science, anthropology, and archaeology, etc.

(a) Psychology:

    Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, according to the American Psychological Association. Psychology is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub-fields of study such areas as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior, and cognitive processes.

(b) Sociology:     

    Sociology is the branch of science mainly concerned with the study of the social relationships of the human. 

(c) Economics: 

    Economics is the branch of science mainly focused on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. 

(d) Political science: 

    Political science is the branch of social science mainly concerned with the study of theory and practices used for the governance of the people at the state, national, and international levels. It also includes the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws.  

(e) Archaeology: 

    Archaeology is the branch of social science deals with the study of human history through the excavation of an archaeological site. It also focuses on the identification and analysis of artifacts, and understanding and meaning of the languages and culture of that community through the physical material collected from the sites.  

 (3) Formal science:

    Formal science is the study of abstract concepts. it is science as they do not rely on observation and evidence. It includes Mathematics, Logic, Statistics, and Theoretical computer science, etc.

(a) Mathematics:

    Mathematics is a science that deals with the study of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. It deals with logical reasoning and quantitative calculation and its development has involved an increasing degree of idealization and abstraction of its subject matter. 

    Math is all around us, in everything we do. It is the building block for everything in our daily lives, including mobile devices, architecture (ancient and modern), art, money, engineering, and even sports.

(b) Logic: 

    Logic is the systematic study of the valid rule of inference i.e. the relations that lead to the acceptance of one proposition based on a set of other propositions. More broadly, logic is the analysis and appraisal of arguments.

(c) Theoretical computer science:

    Theoretical computer science (TCS) is a subset of general computer science and mathematics that focuses on more mathematical topics of computing and includes the theory of computation. 

(d) Statistics: 

    Statistics is the science concerned with developing and studying methods for collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting empirical data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.  

    Natural and social sciences are also known as empirical science which means that the knowledge of this science must be based on observable phenomena and must be capable of being verified by other researchers working under the same conditions. In simple meaning that any laws and theories of this science can be check by experiment and observation.

 

Applied science: 

    Applied science is the more specific branch of science that can be defined as the use of existing scientific knowledge to practical goals, like technology or inventions. Disciplines that use science like medicine and engineering are described as applied science. There are many branches of the applied science. it is the field of science where actual use of the laws and any invention takes place. likewise, the use of any invented tablet is under the medical science and the use of any laws for working of any instrument or machinery in the engineering field.